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Semela sa Fern
Fumana qotsulo e potlakilengLimela tsa Fern ke e 'ngoe ea limela tsa khale-kholo tsa lefatše, e leng karolo ea karohano Polypodiophyta. Ke limela tsa li-vascular tse nang le metso e tloaelehileng, e kulang le makhasi, empa ha li hlahise peo ea 'nete. Sebakeng seo, ba ikatisa ka matsopa. Mefuta ea bona ea bophelo e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e 'meli: sporophyte (foromo ea semela se hlahelletseng) le GameTolophyte (hangata e nyane). Farn li pharalla ka mongobo, o futhumetseng, o futhumetseng ebile li ajoang lefatšeng ka bophara, ntle le libakeng tse batang haholo. Li ka fumaneha lithabeng, lithota, meru, meru, lithaba, libanka tsa molatsoana, rock creevice le swamps.
Ho ts'oasa ho fana ka pokello ea pokello e fapaneng le e lelekisa lijalo le tse fapaneng tsa limela tsena tsa khale. Ka mefuta e fapaneng ea mefuta e mengata e fumanehang, mekhabiso e thata, mekhabiso e thata, ho na le ho hong ho lokelang ho lumellana le khetho e ngoe le e ngoe ea jareteng. Hore na u cheseha kapa u batla feela ho kenyelletsa koetliso ea botala ho sebaka sa hau, pokello ea lijalo e tiisitsoe. Lijana tsa bona li lengoa ka hloko le ho khethoa bakeng sa boleng ba tsona, li tiisa hore u fumana limela tse phetseng hantle le tse ntle. Lekola mekhoa e metle ea fente ea Ferns ho limela le ho tlisa boleng ba tlholeho tsa limela tsena tse nang le nako le serapeng sa hau kapa serapeng sa hau.
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Mefuta e fapaneng ea ho kopana le litlhoko tse fapanengHo kenella ka hloko le ho lema mefuta e mengata ea limela, ho kopana le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa limaraka tse fapaneng tsa limaraka tse fapaneng tsa limaraka tse fapaneng tsa limaraka tse fapaneng tsa limaraka tse fapaneng tsa limaraka tse fapaneng tsa limaraka tse fapaneng tsa limaraka tse fapaneng tsa limaraka tse fapaneng tsa limaraka tse fapaneng, li fana ka khetho e ngata.
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Taolo ea leholimo e bohlale ho ntlafatsa maemo a tikolohoThesing ea lijalo e precking
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Tekanyo e otlolohileng ea ho ntlafatsa litšenyehelo le ho netefatsa phepelo e tsitsitsengMekhoa e metle ea ho lema e sebetsang hantle ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa yuniti ha u ntse u netefatsa phepelo e tsitsitseng ea selemo ho sebetsana le litlhoko tsa 'maraka.
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Tsamaiso ea kelello ho netefatsa karabelo ea boleng le mmarakaHo lema ho etsa boleng ba sehlahisoa se phahameng ka metsing le taolo ea manyolo le taolo ea likokonyana. Sisteme ea li-topollo e ts'ehetsa e ts'ehetsa ka potlako, e amana haufi le li-dynamics tsa mmaraka ho netefatsa khotsofalo ea bareki.
Ho lema ho fana ka limela tse fapaneng, ho kopanyelletsa le mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo, ho fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng. Re tiisa hore boleng ba limela tsa rona, re tiisa hore ba phetse hantle ebile ba lokolohile ho lijalo le mafu likokoana-hloko. Ka boiphihlelo bo fetang ba boiphihlelo ba indasteri, sehlopha sa rona se fanang ka katleho ho khetho ea semela, e tsamaisanang le tlhokomelo. Ho feta moo, re fana ka likhetho tse felletseng tsa bohlanya, thepa e tšepahalang le ts'ebeletso ea ho reka ho netefatsa boiphihlelo ba sehlahisoa se phahameng le litšebeletso. Ho khetha ho lema ho bolela ho khetha boleng, botsebi le ho ts'epahala.
Khetha ho lema, 'me u tla fumana tšehetso ea litsebi le limela tsa boleng bo holimo. Re hlalosa boleng ka botsebi ebe re eketsa ho ama bareenery sebakeng sa hau.