Kulima mikhalidwe ya saftowlar

Zodzikongoletsera komanso zochizira zimachuluka chifukwa chomera safironi, nthawi zina amatchedwa shefiron ndi udzu wa safironi. Maluwa ake achilendo ndi owoneka bwino apanga komwe akupita mu madera azachipatala ndi a Hurcicalcul. Kuzindikira kulima mikhalidwe ya safironi ndikofunikira kuti tipeze bwino ndikukolola kwa iyo.

Miyezo Yachilengedwe

Malo owala

Safron amakonda malo ozungulira dzuwa. Malo obzala ayenera kusankhidwa m'malo okhala ndi dzuwa likaonetsa kuti wina akufuna kuti awonetsetse kuti chitukuko chake. Kufikira maola osachepera asanu ndi limodzi kuti dzuwa liziyenda tsiku lililonse ndikuwunika bwino. Kuwala kokwanira kumathandizira Safironi pang'ono osati kokha komanso kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa maluwa ake. Kukula kwa safironi kumathamangitsidwa m'malo amdima kapena oseketsa, komanso kuchuluka kwa maluwa.

Zofunikira kutentha

Safironi amayenera kukula m'malo ofunda. Magawo a kutentha abwino kwambiri ndi 15 ° C mpaka 25 ° C. Kutentha kwambiri kumachepetsa kapena kuwononga chisanu kuwonongeka kwa safironi. Makamaka nyengo yachisanu kapena yozizira, alimi ayenera kupewa kupewa kutentha kuti apewe kutentha ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zida zogulira kapena kusunthira mbewu kumalo otentha.

Kufuna chinyezi

Safferth sakulimbana ndi madzi, koma amasangalala kuzungulira. Wina ayenera kusunga chilombo pakati pa makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu peresenti. Ngakhale chinyezi chotsika kwambiri chimatha kusintha chitukuko cha chomeracho, chinyezi chachikulu kwambiri chimatha kutsogolera mosavuta kuvunda mizu. Alimi ayenera kumwa nthawi yozizira kuti asunge nthaka yonyowa ndikutsimikizira dongosolo labwino la ngalande zopepuka kuti musadziteme.

Kusankha dothi

Mtundu wa nthaka

Ngakhale zabwino ndi zotayirira komanso zolemera, saftway ili ndi zofunikira zina. Kusunga PH Mtengo wapakatikati pakati pa 6.0 ndi 7.0 kudzathandiza nthaka kuti ikhalebe yoyenera pakukula. Kugwiritsa ntchito laimu kapena sulufule kumalola kuti wina asinthe mtengo wamtengo ngati dothi ndi acidic kapena alkaline. Kukula m'dothi ndi chinthu cholemera, humus kapena mchenga, zomwe zingapatse mpweya wokwanira komanso ngalande, ma safforwar ali oyenera.

Ngalande

Kwa kolifulawa kuti uchuluke, ngalande zabwino ndizofunikira. Kupanda mpweya chifukwa cha mizu chifukwa cha madzi kumatha kubweretsa mizu yovunda kapena matenda. Alimi amayenera kuonetsetsa kuti dothi limatha nthawi yomwe imatha nthawi yokonzekera. Kuonjezera mchenga kapena zinthu zachilengedwe kungathandize kuwonjezera madzi. Kukonzekera kwa malo ndi malo oyenera kubzala kubzala kumathandizanso kulimbikitsa nthaka.

Kupititsa patsogolo dothi

Alimi atha kukhala bwino ndi dothi asanabzalidwe kuti akweze chonde chake. Kukweza michere m'nthaka, izi zimaphimba feteleza wachilengedwe monga humus kapena kompositi. Kupatula kuperekera zakudya zomwe zimafunikira ndi mbewu, feteleza zachilengedwe zimapangitsa madzi atagwira ndi nthaka. Pakatha milungu iwiri asanabzalidwe iyenera kuwongolera kukonza nthaka kuti itsimikizire kusakaniza kwa feteleza ndi feteleza.

Kuwongolera kwa kulima

Kukula ndi kubzala kubzala

Wina amatha kufalitsa kolifulawa pogawa ndi kubzala kapena kufesa mbewu. Mbewu zabwino, premium premium iyenera kusankhidwa ndikubzala mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira. Kutalika kwa mzere ndi kubereka kwa mbewu kuyenera kusinthidwa mogwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kolifulawa ndi kukula; Kuzama kufesa kuyenera kukhala 1-2 masentimita. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa ndipo kuwala kokwanira kuyenera kuperekedwa kuti zilimbikitse kumera mbewu zikadzabzalidwe mbewu.

Ngati gawo ndi njira yogawika iyenera kupangidwira, opanga ayenera kusankha nyama zathanzi ndikugwira ntchito masika kapena nthawi yophukira. Onetsetsani kuti mizu yake ili yonse pothira; Pangani bowo lalikulu lokwanira pamalo atsopanowo kuti mizu itasungunuke. Kutsirira kumafunikira nthawi zonse pakuthana ndi zokolola kuti zigwirizane ndi malo atsopano.

Malilizidwe

Kukula kolifulawa kumafuna thandizo lokwanira wazakudya. Feteleza wokhazikika kumatha kuthandiza mbewu kuti ikhale yabwino komanso kupereka maluwa abwino panthawi yobzala. Amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito feteleza woyenera, feteleza wofanana ndi 10-10-10, mogwirizana ndi mayendedwe azogulitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kamodzi pamwezi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza madzi kungathandize kukwaniritsa zakudya za chomera.

Feteleza wokwera mu phosphous komanso potaziyamu ntchito munthawi yomwe ikukula, makamaka panthawi yamaluwa - ingathandize kuwonjezera mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa maluwa. Steer yomveka bwino feteleza wamphamvu pomwe manyowa kupewa kuwonongeka kapena kukonza chomera.

kuthirira

Dothi chinyezi komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zingakhale zosinthika zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti kangati koyenera kuthiriridwa. Kusunga nthaka m'malo mwake ndikofunikira pakukula kwa nyengo yakula. Kutsirizidwa kwakukulu kuyenera kuchitika polimbikitsa mizu yabwino; Pewani kuthirira pafupipafupi. Kuti mutsimikizire kuti dothi silinyowa kapena louma, pafupipafupi kuthirira kuyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi nyengo ya nyengo ndi kuthetseratu nthaka.

Kuwongolera matenda ndi tizirombo

Nthawi zambiri kusokonezeka kwa zovuta

Nkhuta zingapo zimatha kuwononga kofi wafinya. Zina mwa matenda wamba zimaphatikizapo mizu zowola, masamba sikiti, ndi pansi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mosiyanasiyana chinyezi, kutsika kwamphamvu kumawonekera masamba ngati zigamba zoyera. Kuwongolera maombedwe amtundu wambiri kuti mugone bwino kwambiri, chinyezi cham'munsi, komanso mankhwala oyenera bowa.

Madontho a bulauni pamasamba omwe angayambitse tsamba logwetsa tsamba likhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha tsamba. Nthawi zonse kuchotsa masamba a odwala, kuwononga mbewu zowuma, ndikugwiritsa ntchito fungicides pofuna kuteteza masamba. Poyamba chifukwa cha ngalande kapena madzi ngati madzi m'nthaka, kuzika mizu m'nthaka kapena zowonda ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zingatetezero zimaphatikizapo kutulutsa dothi la dothi ndikukonzanso.

Tizilombo tating'ono

Tizilombo tofana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zoyamwa, ndi nthata zimathanso kulephera safform. Ma nsabwe amachititsa kuti mbewuyo ile pang'onopang'ono kapena kusokonekera poyamwa. Zoyera zimapangitsa photosynthesi ikukhudzidwa ndikupanga ufa woyera pachomera masamba. Timawuma ndi chikasu masamba.

Kuyendera kwa chomera nthawi zonse komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pa zomwe tikupeza ku Tist ndi njira zowongolera tizirombo. Kuwongolera kungakwaniritsidwe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena mankhwala; Ukhondo wazachilengedwe komanso udderness moyenera thandizo kuti mbewuzo zikhale bwino.

SaftowZinthu zomwe zikukula zimayenda mbali zambiri komanso zikuphatikiza zofunikira za chilengedwe, kusankha nthaka, kasamalidwe ka ulimini, ndi matenda a tizilombo. Kumvetsetsa ndi kuwongolera magawo awa kungathandize alimi kumapatsa a Saffertor yabwino kwambiri kukula, chifukwa chopeza mbewu ndi ma bramium. Saffermy imatha kupereka phindu lalikulu kwa anthu omwe ali okongoletsa komanso achire. Ndi mawu oyamba a nkhaniyi, mwina, olima ambiri amakhala ndi chizolowezi chomachita bwino komanso amatha kuchita bwino pakukula kwawo kwa salffown.